Validación de un modelo cefalométrico de predicción para el brote de los terceros molares / Validation of a cephalometric prediction model for third molar eruption

Introducción: La intervención temprana en el brote anormal de los terceros molares podría reducir la proporción de pacientes con las molestias asociadas y la aparición de alteraciones producto a la retención dentaria. Objetivo: Validar el modelo cefalométrico predictivo para el brote de los terceros molares desarrollado González Espangler. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en adolescentes del Instituto Preuniversitario "Rafael María de Mendive" de Santiago de Cuba durante el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2017 y marzo del 2020. Fueron empleadas dos muestras aleatorias de 21 estudiantes de 15-18 años y 29 profesionales de las ciencias de la salud. Se estudiaron variables como el sexo, color de la piel, localización, etapa de formación, espacio óseo posterior, angulación, diámetro mesiodistal, factores predictivos y tipo de brote de los terceros molares. Resultados: Predominó el tipo de brote anormal: 19,0 por ciento para la localización 1.8; 17,9 por ciento para la 2.8; 21,4 por ciento en la 3.8 y 20,2 por ciento en la posición 4.8. No existieron diferencias significativas entre las medidas promedios del espacio óseo posterior, angulación y diámetro mesiodistal con el estudio de referencia. La validación de modelo por criterio de expertos obtuvo una calificación global de concordancia entre ellos del 100 por ciento. Conclusiones: El modelo cefalométrico predictivo validado es viable en el proceso de predicción del brote de los terceros molares en la población(AU)

Introduction: Early intervention in the abnormal eruption of third molars could reduce the number of patients with associated discomfort and the appearance of alterations caused by dental retention. Objective: Validate the cephalometric prediction model for third molar eruption developed by González Espangler. Methods: A cross-sectional longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of adolescents from Rafael María de Mendive Senior High School in Santiago de Cuba from January 2017 to March 2020. The two random samples examined consisted of 21 students aged 15-18 years and 29 health sciences professionals. The variables considered were sex, skin color, location, training stage, posterior bony space, angulation, mesiodistal diameter, predictive factors and type of third molar eruption. Results: Abnormal eruption prevailed: 19.0 percent in location 1.8; 17.9 percent in 2.8; 21.4 percent in 3.8 and 20.2 percent in 4.8. Significant differences were not observed between average values for posterior bony space, angulation and mesiodistal diameter, and the study reference. Validation of the model by expert criteria obtained a global agreement score of 100 percent. Conclusions: The cephalometric prediction model validated in the study is viable for the prediction of third molar eruptions in the population(AU)

Alterações da região retromolar decorrentes do crescimento mandibular / Retromolar space changes associated with mandibular growth

Objetivo: as modificações regionais inerentes ao processo de crescimento mandibular, como a reabsorção da borda anterior do ramo, determinam o aumento do espaço na região retromolar e mostram a necessidade ou não de exodontia dos terceiros molares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, quantitativamente, o crescimento anteroposterior da região retromolar mandibular e verificar a ocorrência de dimorfismo sexual dessa variável. Material e métodos: foram utilizadas telerradiografias obtidas em norma lateral de 45 jovens, de ambos os sexos, leucodermas, entre nove e 11 anos de idade, mesofaciais, com perfis faciais harmônicos e oclusão normal. Foi aferido o espaço retromolar ao longo do plano oclusal funcional, entre a borda anterior do ramo da mandíbula e a face distal do primeiro molar inferior. Os dados obtidos submeteram-se, primeiramente, ao teste t de Student, para verificar o erro sistemático, e ao teste de correlação para o erro casual, ambos intraexaminador, indicando ausência de erro do método. Empregou-se o teste de Tukey, para comparar as medidas obtidas nas diferentes idades, e a análise de variância, para verificar a ocorrência de dimorfismo sexual. Resultados e conclusão: verificou-se um crescimento da região retromolar de 3,29 mm, entre os nove e os 11 anos. Nas idades de dez aos 11 anos ocorreu um aumento de 2,55 mm, sendo estatisticamente maior do que o constatado dos nove aos dez anos, de 0,74 mm. A análise de variância indicou ausência de dimorfismo sexual.

Objective: regional mandibular growth changes as the resorption of the anterior ramus border that increases the retromolar space determining if lower third molars need to be removed or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate, quantitatively, the mandibular alveolar sagital growth and also if sexual dimorphism was present. Material and methods: lateral cephalograms of 45 Brazilian Caucasian children of both genders, aging from 9 to 11 years, with balanced faces and good occlusion were used. The retromolar mandibular space was measured at the functional occlusal plane, from the anterior border of the ramus to the distal aspect of the lower first molar. The data was firstly examined about systematic and random intra-examiner errors through Student's "t" test and correlation test, respectively. In order to compare the data among different ages and occurrence of sexual dimorphism Anova and Tukey's test were performed. Results and conclusions: it was found an increase of 3.29 mm in the mandibular retromolar space from 9 to 11 years of age. Between 10 and 11 years there was an increase of 2.55 mm, statistically greater than those verified from 9 to 10 years of age, which was 0.74 mm. Anova demonstrated no sexual dimorphism.

Associação entre o tempo cirúrgico e infecção pós-operatória na exodontia de terceiros molares / Association between surgical time and postoperative infection in third molar surgery

Introdução: Os quadros de infecção constituem a principal complicação associada a exodontia de terceiros molares. Apesar da baixa incidência, em torno de 10%, tendo em vista o grande número de procedimentos realizados em todo o mundo, o número absoluto de casos de infecção também tende a ser elevado. Apesar disso, o uso rotineiro de antibiótico profilático tem sido questionado em função da sua eficácia, efeitos colaterais, custo e principalmente pela crescente emergência de microorganismos resistentes. Na tentativa de racionalizar o uso de antibióticos, diversos trabalhos tem procurado estimar o risco de infecção baseado em aspectos relacionados ao paciente, ao procedimento cirúrgico e às características anatômicas e radiográficos do dente porém, tendo em vista o grande número de variáveis envolvidas e à forte interação entre elas, não se conseguiu, ainda, um modelo capaz de ponderar de forma confiável e reprodutível todas essas variáveis. Supondo que o tempo cirúrgico possa fazer essa ponderação, o objetivo deste estudo foi tentar correlacionar o tempo cirúrgico

e o índice de infecção pós-operatória na exodontia de terceiros molares. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas 349 cirurgias em 197 pacientes saudáveis com indicação de exodontia de ao menos um terceiro molar. Todos os pacientes foram operados com a mesma técnica cirúrgica e dose única de antibiótico pré-operatório. A variável primária do estudo foi o tempo cirúrgico e o desfecho a presença ou ausência de infecção de acordo com os parâmetros clínicos definidos pelo "Center for Disease Control" (CDC). Também foram avaliados a interação entre idade, gênero, posição do dente e experiência do cirurgião com o tempo cirúrgico. Resultados: A incidência de infecção foi de 4,6% e houve uma clara associação entre tempo cirúrgico e infecção, inclusive na análise multivariada (OR=1,017, IC95% =[ 1,001; 1,034 ], p=0,043), sendo que todos os casos infectados tiveram tempo cirúrgico superior a 30 minutos. Conclusões: O tempo cirúrgico pode ser usado como indicador de risco para infecção na exodontia de terceiros molares podendo definir a conduta de antibioticoterapia pós-operatória.

Introduction: Postoperative infection is the most common complication associated with third molar extraction. Despite the low incidence, around 10%, considering the large number of surgerys performed around the world, the absolute number of postoperative infections also tends to be high. Nevertheless, the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics is controversy, due to its side effects, cost, and mainly by the increasing emergence of resistant microorganisms. In attempt to rationalize antibiotics prescription, several studies have tried to estimate the postoperative infection risk based on patient related aspects, surgical procedure and tooth anatomical and radiographic characteristics but with little succsess, because of the large number of variables involved and their strong interaction. The aim of this study is to correlate the surgical procedure time and the postoperative infection rate in third molar surgery. Methods: We performed 349 surgeries in 197 healthy

patients with at least one third molar to be removed. All patients were operated with the same surgical technique and single-dose preoperative antibiotic. The primary variable was the surgical time and the outcome, the presence or absence of infection according to the clinical parameters defined by the "Center for Disease Control" (CDC). We also assessed patients age, gender, tooth posítion and surgeon experience. Results: The incidence of infection was 4.6% and there was a clear association between operative time and infection, even in the multivariate analysis (OR = 1.017, 95% CI = [1.001, 1.034], p = 0.043), and all infected cases had surgeries lasting more than 30 minutes. Conclusions: Operating time can be used as an risk indicator for infection in third molar surgery and thus can define the postoperative antibiotic therapy.

Characterization of stem cells from the pulp of unerupted third molar tooth.

Context: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the most diagnosed type of stem cells isolated from dental tissues. Previous studies demonstrate that tissues in earlier stages of development could be better stem cell resources for tissue engineering. Aims: In this study, aiming at finding younger stem cell resources, we chose the pulp of human unerupted third molar teeth when the crown was completely formed and the roots had not begun their development, Nolla's 6 th developmental stage (N6 th ). Materials and Methods: Surgical removal of the third molar was performed by aseptic technique with minimal trauma. The tissues were digested enzymatically and the resulted single cells were cultured. Immunophenotypic characterization of the cells was done via immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of these cells was examined and confirmed by histochemical staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: This study is descriptive. Results: N6 th -unerupted dental pulp cultured cells expressed DPSC markers: Vimentin, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, CD44, CD146, and STRO-1, but did not express hematopoietic cell markers: CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR and were also negative for dentin sialoprotein negative showing an undifferentiated preodontogenic state. Adipocytes differentiated from N6 th -DPSCs were positively stained with Oil-Red-O and expressed both early and late adipocyte specific genes. Formation of Alizarin-red positive condensed calcium-phosphate nodules accompanied by strong expression of two osteogenic mRNAs, exhibited osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we suggest that N6 th -DMSCs are a viable choice for cryo-banking and future usage in regenerative therapies; however, more investigations are necessary before clinical application can commence.

Estudios radiográfico de la prevalencia de impactaciones dentarias de terceros molares y sus respectivas posiciones / Radiographic study of the prevalence of dental impaction of third molars and their respective positions

El objetivo de esta investigación fue verificar la prevalencia de las impactaciones dentales de terceros molares por medio de radiografías panorámicas, en pacientes dentados, realizadas en el Sector de Radiología de la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Estatal de Maringá, en el período de 2009 a 2011, clasificando las posiciones de los terceros molares, de acuerdo con Winter, Pell y Gregory y Sandhu y Kaur. Mil cuatro radiografías fueron analizadas utilizando el software Image Tool, registrando edad, género, presencia o no de terceros molares retenidos y su clasificación. Fueron aplicados análisis cuantitativa y test chi-cuadrado (x2). En la clasificación de Winter, la posición vertical del diente 38 fue la de mayor prevalencia en el género femenino, presentando diferencia estadísticamente significante en relación al masculino. De acuerdo con Pell y Gregory, la Clase C del diente 18 y la Clase II del diente 38, las dos en el género femenino, se presentaron con mayores prevalencias. Con respecto al método de Sandhu y Kaur, el diente 38 en el género femenino, presentó mayor prevalencia y una angulación entre 11° a 70° (mesio angular). Los terceros molares inferiores son los más comúnmente impactados, siendo que el promedio de edad de la muestra total fue de 23,29 años y con un sensible predominio en el género femenino.

The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of tooth impaction of third molars by panoramic radiographs, performed in the Dental Clinic of Radiology, State University of Maringá, in the period from 2009 to 2011, ranking the positions of third molar, according to Winter, Pell and Gregory and Sandhu and Kaur. One thousand four radiographs were analyzed using the Image Tool, recording age, gender, presence or absence of third molar and its classification. We applied quantitative analysis and chi-square (x2). According to Winter's classification, the vertical position of tooth 38 was the most prevalent in females, showing a statistically significant difference when compared to males. According to Pell and Gregory, Class C and Class II tooth 18 and tooth 38, both in females, presented with the highest prevalence. Regarding the method of Sandhu and Kaur, the tooth 38 in females, had higher prevalence and an angle between 11° to 70° (mesio angular). The third molars are more commonly affected, with the average age of the total sample was 23.29 years old and with a sensitive female predominance.

Immunohistochemical analysis of human homologue of drosophila patched (PTCH) in dental follicles of impacted third molars / Análisis imunohistoquímico del homólogo humano del gen parcheado de drosofila (PTCH) en folículos dentales de terceros molares retenidos

This study investigated the immunodetection of PTCH in epithelial components of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars without radiographic signs of pathosis. One hundred and five specimens of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars with incomplete rhizogenesis (between Nolla's stage 6 and 9) were surgically removed from 56 patients. Epithelial cell proliferation was determined by using immunohistochemical labeling. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact test and a level of significance of 5 percent. Of the 105 dental follicles collected, 3 were PTCH-positive. The specimens with squamous metaplasia and epithelial hyperplasia had higher rates of positivity for PTCH, as well as those with active remnants of odontogenic epithelium. This study suggests that the odontogenic cells of the dental follicle might be proliferating during the rhizogenesis, while the squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the epithelial lining and proliferative odontogenic epithelial rests show the differentiation potential of dental follicles.

Se investigó la inmunodetección de PTCH en los componentes epiteliales de los folículos dentales asociados a terceros molares retenidos sin signos radiográficos y morfológicos de patología. Fueron quirúrgicamente extraídos de 56 pacientes 105 muestras de folículos dentales asociadas a terceros molares retenidos con rizogénesis incompleta (entre el estadio de Nolla 6 y 9). La proliferación de células epiteliales se deteminó mediante inmunohistoquímica. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. De los 105 folículos dentales recogidos, 3 fueron PTCH-positivos. Las muestras con metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia epitelial tuvieron mayores tasas de positividad para PTCH, así como aquellos con los restos de proliferación del epitélio odontogénico. En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que las células odontogénicas del folículo dental podrían estar proliferando durante la rizogénesis, mientras que la metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia del epitelio y de restos epiteliales odontogénicos en proliferación muestran el potencial de diferenciación de los folículos dentales.

Age estimation from third molar development a radiological study.

The present Study is based on orthopantographic evaluation of the development of the third molar (n=84 persons with known age between 15 to 25 years and known sex male-49, female-35) based on eight stages(A-H ) method of Demirjian et al. Data was feed in computer and analyzed using Statistical package SPSS. Regression analysis was performed to obtain formulas dental age calculation with chronological age. No Statistically significant difference was revealed in third molar development between males &female in all eight stages of development(p>0.05).No Statistically significant difference was revealed in third molar development between left &right side in all eight stages of development where both third molars were scorable (p>0.05). Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation between various stages of third molar development and chronological age (r > 0.60, p value<0.05). Regression formulas for whole sample based on the third molar teeth present were estimated and new equations derived: Age in years =13.70+1.50(Developmental stage of Mx Right third molar) Age in years = 14.82 + 1.25 (Developmental stage of Mn Right third molar)

Chronological table of third molar mineralization in a survey in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop an age estimation table based on mineralization stages of third molars in a survey in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Forensic dentistry has largely contributed to solve age estimation cases. Radiographic study on tooth mineralization stages has shown major importance on age estimation with forensic application. Methods: This investigation was a crosssectional study developed at the clinic of the local branch of the Brazilian Dental Association in Alagoas. Three hundred and twelve patients of both genders aged 9 to 21 years were enrolled. Three calibrated examiners (kappa=0.789, p<0.001) determined the mineralization stages of each third molar from radiographs collected in the survey. The age of each patient was also recorded. Results: A third molar chronological mineralization table based on the study’s survey was developed. There was correlation (Spearman=0.869; p<0.01) between real and estimated ages, mainly when both upper and lower third molars were considered together. Conclusions: It is important to develop regional age estimation tables based on local surveys mainly considering ages of forensic interest.

Levantamento epidemiológico da posição dos terceiros molares na clínica de radiologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Epidemiological survey of wisdom teeth position in radiology clinic of the Federal University of Ceará

Impacted teeth are called who, once arriving at the normal time that would erupt, are closed partially or completely inside the bone, with no maintenance or pericoronal follicle. The etiology of the impaction is related mainly to the lack of available space in the region characteristic accentuated in the modern population, which appears to have lower bone growth. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of wisdom teeth and classify them according to their positioning. Based on patients' charts the Radiology Clinic of Dentistry College, Federal University of Ceará, from 2007 to 2008, 297 panoramic radiographs were examined. Eight hundred eighty seven teeth were observed, of which 442 upper molars and 445 lower molars. The frequency of the position of wisdom teeth was analyzed based on the Winter (1926) and Pell & Gregory (1933) classifications. The results, according to Winter’s classification, was a higher frequency of upper molars upright (64.26%) and lower molars in mesioangular position (54.36%). According to Pell & Gregory’s classification, the third molars were observed in Class II in 72.8% and in position A in 47.6% of cases.

Denominam-se dentes inclusos aqueles que, uma vez chegada à época normal em que deveriam irromper, ficam encerrados parcial ou totalmente no interior do osso, com manutenção ou não do folículo pericoronário. A etiologia da impacção está relacionada principalmente à falta de espaço disponível na região, característica acentuada na população moderna, que parece apresentar menor crescimento ósseo. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a prevalência de terceiros molares e classificá-los quanto a sua posição. Tomando como base os prontuários dos pacientes da Clínica de Radiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no período de 2007 a 2008, foram examinadas 297 radiografias panorâmicas, sendo observados 887 dentes, dos quais 442 molares superiores e 445 inferiores. Foi analisada a freqüência da posição dos terceiros molares baseado na classificação de Winter e Pell & Gregory. Os resultados encontrados, de acordo com a classificação de Winter, foram uma maior freqüência dos molares superiores na posição vertical (64,26%) e dos molares inferiores na posição mesioangular (54,36%). De acordo com a classificação de Pell & Gregory, os 3º molares inferiores apresentaram-se em classe II em 72,8% e na posição A em 47,6% dos casos.

Erupción y retención del tercer molar en jóvenes entre 17 y 20 años: Antofagasta, Chile / Eruption and retention of third molars in young people between 17 and 20 years of age: Antofagasta, Chile

La retención intraósea y la erupción en malposición de 3Ms han sido muy estudiadas. Son causadas, probablemente, por disminución del tamaño de maxilares por cambios de hábitos alimentarios, reduciendo el espacio retromolar, lo que dificulta la erupción normal entre 15 y 25 años de edad, y produce patologías o molestias por comprometer estructuras orofaciales próximas. Lo anterior, ha promovido la exodoncia profiláctica u ortodóncica, incluso del germen dentario, con altos costos clínicos, hospitalarios, laborales, comprometiendo parte de los recursos destinados a financiar otros procedimientos quirúrgicos orales, además de riesgos durante cirugía, postoperatorio y lesiones iatrogénicas temporales o permanentes. La muestra consistió en 100 jóvenes de 17 a 20 años de edad (50 mujeres y 50 hombres) de la ciudad de Antofagasta, sanos, sin malformaciones general y maxilofacial, sin haber presentado enfermedades infecciosas que alteraran odontogénesis y períodos eruptivos, sin exodoncias de 3M ni tratamientos ortodóncicos previos al examen de la radiografía panorámica y clasificando erupción de 3Ms según tablas de Pell-Gregory y Winter. Se determina 49,1 por ciento de 3Ms retenidos con p<0,05 significativo respecto dientes erupcionados, predominando retención maxilar, especialmente en mujeres. En todos los casos y en mandíbula predominan 3Ms con impactación mesioangulada (p<0,05 significativa) y en maxilares la retención vertical (p<0,05 de significancia). Prevalecen 3Ms distoangulados en maxilares, posición que predispone a complicaciones operatorias y postoperatorias en exodoncias. La retención horizontal se aprecia en mandibula, siendo el segundo tipo de retención (21,5 por ciento en toda la muestra y 30 por ciento en hombres). Sin una decisión clínica que indique la cirugía, se sugiere postegar la exodoncia profiláctica de 3Ms, esperando posible erupción tardía (Hattab, 1997; Ventã et al. 1999, 2004 y Kruger et al.). Meta-análisis demuestra: mínima morbilidad...

Intraoseous retention and anomalous eruption position of 3Ms had been widely studied. They are probably produced by reducing the size of jaws by changes in eating habits, reducing the retro molar space, making it difficult normal eruption between 15 and 25 years old, producing pathologies or discomfort by compromising nearly orofacial structures. The above, has promoted the extraction or prophylactic orthodontic, even from the dental germ, with expensives clinical cost, hospital surgery, compromising part of the resources to finance other surgical oral procedures, in addition to risks during surgery, postoperative and iatrogenic injuries temporary or permanent. The sample consisted in 100 young people aged 17 to 20 years of age (50 women and 50 men) of the city of Antofagasta, healthy, without general and maxillofacial malformation, without having submitted infectious diseases that distort odontogenesis and periods of eruption, without extractions of 3M nor orthodontic treatments prior to the examination of the x-ray overview and classifying eruption of 3Ms as tables of Pell-Gregory and Winter. It was determined that 49.1 percent of 3Ms were retained, with p<0.05 significant with regard to erupted teeth, predominate maxillary retention, especially in women. In all cases and in maxilla predominate 3Ms with mesiangular position (p<0.05 of significance) and in maxillary vertical retention (p<0.05 of significance). Prevailing 3Ms maxilla with distoangular position, a position that predisposes surgical complications and postoperative extractions. The horizontal retention is apparent only in mandible, being the second type of retention (21.5 percent in all cases and 30 percent in men). Without a clinic decision to indicate surgery, we suggest to postpone the prophylactic extraction of 3Ms, awaiting possible late eruption (Hattab, 1997; Ventã et al., 1999, 2004; Kruger et al., 2001). Meta-analyzes show minimum morbidity in 3Ms extractions in...

Prevalência de terceiros molares e suas respectivas posições segundo as classificações de Winter e de Pell e Gregory / Third molar prevalence and its respective classifications according to Winter and Pell e Gregory

A exodontia de terceiros molares inclusos é a prática mais comum dos cirurgiões bucomaxilofacias. Portanto, para facilitar a comunicação entre profissionais e a elaboração de um planejamento satisfatório foram criadas classificações distintas destes elementos dentais, como a de Winter e a de Pell e Gregory. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar as radiografias panorâmicas e o prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período de 2004 a 2007, na disciplina de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco maxilo facial do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, verificando a prevalência de terceiros molares e suas respectivas classificações, de acordo com Winter e com Pell e Gregory. Todas as 232 radiografias foram avaliadas, e seus dados, computados pelo mesmo observador. A posição vertical, conforme classificação de Winter, foi a de maior prevalência entre os terceiros molares superiores e inferiores, em relação à classificação de Pell e Gregory as posições de maior prevalência foram a Classe A, quanto à profundidade de inclusão, e Classe I, em relação ao ramo mandibular

The extraction of impacted third molars is one of the most common procedures performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Therefore, to facilitate communication between professionals and develop satisfactory planning of the treatment different classifications were created for these teeth, the best known ones being those of Winter (1926) and Pell and Gregory (1933). The purpose of this study was to evaluate panoramic X-rays and records of patients seen in the period from 2004 to 2007, in the discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Santa Maria University?s Dentistry Course, verifying the incidence of third molars and their respective classification according to Pell and Gregory & Winter. 232 x-rays were evaluated and the data computed by the same observer. The Vertical position, according to Winter's classification, was shown to be the most prevalent among the upper and lower third molars. In relation to the classification of Pell and Gregory, the most prevalent positions were Class A and Class I, corresponding, respectively, to the depth of the inclusion and the mandibular branch.

Análise da topografia axial dos terceiros molares inclusos através da radiografia panorâmica dos maxilares em relação à classificação de Winter / Molar analysis of the axial topography of third enclosed through the panoramic x-ray of the maxilares in relation to the classification of Winter

A radiografia panorâmica é um dos mais freqüentes exames complementares solicitados na clínica odontológica sendo de suma importância para avaliação das inclusões dentais e nos planejamentos cirúrgicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os terceiros molares inclusos através da radiografia panorâmica em relação à classificação de Winter (1926). Foram analisadas 200 radiografias selecionadas aleatoriamente de uma clínica particular de radiologia odontológica em Caruaru-PE, de pacientes numa faixa etária entre 18 e 30 anos de ambos os gêneros, no período de janeiro a junho de 2006. Das radiografias analisadas 58% (n = 116) eram do gênero feminino e 42% (n = 84) eram do gênero masculino. A média de idade foi de 22,4 anos e a maior freqüência foi o elemento 28, 26,5% (n = 164) do qual 26,5% (n = 69) eram do gênero masculino e 27,2% (n = 95) seguido do elemento 18, 24,1% (n = 163) ambos com a posição vertical mais freqüente.

[Radiogrphic evaluation of third molar developmental stages in a group of Iranian children and adolescents]

Basically as a matter of fact, it is important to determine the status of third molars before many of the children's dental treatment. The pattern of development and growth of face, jaw and teeth differs from race to race. Therefore, studies on the third molar status in each population seem to be an important issue. This study was performed to determine the pattern of the third molar development in a group of Iranian children and adolescents, in order to province a suitable reference for clinical use and future studies. In this descriptive study, 757 panoramic radiographs of patients, 6-16 years old, were investigated and the development of the third molars was categorized based on nine stages. The data were analyzed with chi-square and paired samples tests. The most important results of this study were: 1. The earliest and latest ages with the possibility of observing the signs of wisdom tooth crypt in panoramic radiographs, were six and 14 years respectively. 2. Among the investigated ages, the highest possibility of observing finding the first sign of third molar crypt emergence was found to be at the age of nine. 3. Possibility of the third molar existence after age of 10 reduces about 53% in comparison to the earlier ages. 4. There was a significant difference between age and the third molar developmental stage in each four quadrant [p=0.000]. Determination of the pattern of third molars development stages is useful in clinical diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plan

Third molars classifications prevalence in the cities of Cunha Porã, Maravilha and Palmitos in the nortwest of Santa Catarina state in Brazil

O presente trabalho propõe uma anßlise da prevalência da classificação de terceiros molares, nos municípios de Cunha Porã, Maravilha e Palmitos, no Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina. Seguiram-se para os terceiros molares superiores e inferiores as classificações jß propostas por alguns autores. Foram examinadas 585 ortopantomografias, 210 de pacientes do gênero masculino e, 375 de pacientes do gênero feminino. Um total de 1815 terceiros molares foi verificado, com o dente 18 (450), dente 28 (465), dente 38 (453) e, dente 48 (447). Os pacientes variaram numa faixa etßria de 15-39 anos, sendo a maior prevalência de 390 pacientes com idade de 15-20 anos. Obteve-se maior prevalência para os terceiros molares superiores nas posições vertical, distal e medial respectivamente. Para os terceiros molares inferiores as posições vertical, medial e horizontal respectivamente, com a Classe I C.

Etapas da formaçäo e mineralizaçäo do terceiro molar em crianças: estudo radiográfico / Formation and calcification stages of third molar in children

O desenvolvimento do 3º molar se dá de maneira muito irregular e individual. Entretanto, as opiniöes säo divergentes sobre a época na qual esse dente se torna radiograficamente aparente. Foram realizadas radiografias panorâmicas de crianças na faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos e 11 meses provenientes da clínica de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, onde estudamos os estágios de mineralizaçäo desses dentes pela ESCALA DE NOLLA. Observamos, por meio desse trabalho, que houve uma diversidade no relacionamento idade/estágios de mineralizaçäo e uma precocidade de mineralizaçäo dos 3ºs molares para os indivíduos do sexo feminino. Tornam-se necessário estudos em pacientes de idades mais avançadas para que o processo de formaçäo do 3º molar seja observado em sua totalidade

A generational comparison of changes in mandibular third molars.

Due to recent increases in the number of cases of embedded mandibular third molars, the Department of Dental Radiology, Kyushu Dental College decided to investigate generational differences in their occurrence. For the purpose of investigation, 670 panoramic radiographs, obtained from two different generations (1970s and 1999s) of Kyushu Dental College students, wer used. There were significant statistical differences in the angle of eruption of the third molar between the 1970s and 1990s groups. The mandibular third molars in the 1990s group were growing at an abnormal angle (P < 0.05) and were closer to the mandibular canal (P < 0.05) than those in the 1970s group.

Bilateral mucous cell containing dentigerous cyst of madibular third molars: report of an unusual case

A 38-year-old Caucasian male with bilateral dentigerous cysts of the mandibular third molars is reported as follows. The cyst cavities were lined with a nonkeratinized squamous epithelium. Mucous cells were seen in some areas of the cyst walls

Estudio radiográfico de terceros molares inferiores en una muestra de individuos de 18 a 20 años / Radiographic study of lower third molar in subjects from 18 to 20 year of old

El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar las imágenes radiográficas de la zona de terceros inferiores obtenidas de 116 individuos (58 hombres y 58 mujeres) con un promedio de edad de 22,3 años, con un rango entre los 18 y 25 años. Los parámetros que se consideraron para analizar las imágenes fueron los siguientes: presencia o ausencia, grado de evolución, inclinación en el plano sagital, posición antero-posterior, espacio pericoronario y ubicación en latura del tercer molar inferior. Se obtuvo un 19,8 por ciento de agenesias de terceros molares inferiores. La mayoría de estas piezas dentarias estudiadas ya terminaron su evolución, están semiincluídas, en mesioversión, tienen espacio suficiente para erupcionar o les falta un poco, presentan un espacio pericoronario normal y su cara oclusal se ubica bajo la línea cervical del segundo molar inferior o a nivel de la cara oclusal de este último. Las mujeres tenían un poco de espacio para el tercer molar inferior en su mandíbula, mientras que los hombres presentaban terceros molares con un grado de evolución más avanzado

Desenvolvimento dos terceiros molares e comparacao com a idade cronologica / Development of the third molars and comparison with the chronological age

Os terceiros molares de 703 criancas e jovens, na faixa etaria de 04 a 17 anos, completos foram estudados radiograficamente, utilizando-se o metodo ortopantomografico. O resultado do estudo permitiu determinar os diferentes estagios de desenvolvimento dos terceiros molares, comparando-os com a idade cronologica da amostra. Foi analisada, tambem, a ausencia dos referidos elementos dentais.